Various definitions of granite

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The word "granite" is known to different people in different ways. A simple definition is used in introductory courses. A more precise definition has been provided by lithologists (geologists who specialize in the study of rocks). The definition of granite is widely used when it is used by people who sell pieces of stone such as countertops, slabs and building cladding.

These multiple definitions of granite can lead to communication problems. However, if you know who uses the word and who communicates with it, you can interpret the word in its proper context. The following are three common uses for the word "granite".

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A) Definition of the introductory course

Granite is a coarse-grained, light-colored igneous rock composed mainly of feldspars and quartz with small amounts of mica and amphibole minerals. This simple definition enables people to easily identify a stone by visual inspection.

B) Definition of lithologist

Granite is a plutonic rock in which quartz makes up between 10 and 50 percent of the felsic components and alkaline feldspar makes up 65 to 90 percent of the total feldspar content. Using this definition requires the ability to identify and determine the mineral properties of a skilled geologist.

Many of the rocks that are known as "granite" using the introductory term will not be called "granite" by lithologists. Instead, they may be alkaline granites, granodiorites, pegmatites, or aplites.

A petrologist may name these granitoid rocks instead of granite. Other definitions of buying granite are based on the composition of the minerals.

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C) Other definitions

Intrusive igneous rock is a large or medium grain that is rich in quartz and feldspar. It is the most common plutonic rock in the Earth's crust, formed by deep cooling of magma (silicate melting).

Chemical composition of granite
The world average of chemical composition of granite, based on weight percentage, based on 2485 analysis is as follows:

SiO2 72.04% (silica)
Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Granite has always been composed of quartz and feldspar minerals, sometimes accompanied by a wide range of other minerals (ancillary minerals). Quartz and feldspar generally give granite a light color, from light pink to white. This light background color is oxidized by dark minerals. So the classic granite has the appearance of "salt and pepper". The most common by-products are black mica biotite and black hornblende amphibole.

Almost all of these rocks are plutonic and igneous (solidified from a magma). The random arrangement of grains in granite - the absence of fabric - is evidence of its plutonic origin. Rocks with the same granite composition can be formed through long and severe metamorphic rocks. But these types of rocks have a strong fabric and are usually called granite granites.

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